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How to Use EREF’s PFAS Resources

EREF has curated a regularly updated catalog of over 600 data-driven, PFAS related articles and content. This resource can be utilized in the following ways:

Excel Document: The full repository of over 600 articles and technical content can be found in an Excel document – click the button below to access the document. This Excel is formatted in such a way that the user can sort by main category, subcategory, year, publication type, etc. in order to find the desired information.

This document is copyrighted and should be cited properly:

Environmental Research & Education Foundation (2021). Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) – Scientific & Technical Studies/Resources.
https://erefdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EREF-PFAS-Resources-List-2021-Final.xlsx

Click Here to Download the Excel

Key Technical Resources: Resources listed in the dropdowns below have been identified by EREF staff as key resources related to PFAS. These resources have been organized under 10 main categories, with some categories being further broken down into subcategories. All resources listed below can be found in the Excel document noted above. Citations are organized in order of publishing date (newest to oldest).

Content listed on this site in no way indicates bias or advocacy on EREF’s part. Non-peer-reviewed information on this page provides a full picture related to PFAS management and impact, and is not validated by EREF.

Key Technical Resources

Solid Waste Management

PFAS Waste Source Testing Report (2019) Sanborn, Head & Associates, Inc., New England Waste Services Of Vermont

Solid Waste – Landfills

Disposal of Products and Materials Containing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Cyclical Problem (2020) Stoiber et al., Chemosphere
Review of the Fate and Transformation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Landfills (2018) Hamid et al., Environmental Pollution
Release of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) from Carpet and Clothing in Model Anaerobic Landfill Reactors (2016) Lang et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Physical and Biological Release of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) from Municipal Solid Waste in Anaerobic Model Landfill Reactors (2015) Allred et al., Environmental Science & Technology

Solid Waste – Leachate

Waste Type, Incineration, and Aeration are Associated with Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Levels in Landfill Leachates (2020) Solo-Gabriele et al., Waste Management
Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Landfill Leachate: Status, Chemistry and Prospects (2019) Wei et al., Environmental Science Water Research & Technology
Australia-Wide Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Landfill Leachates(2017) Gallen et al., Journal Of Hazardous Materials
National Estimate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release to U.S. Municipal Landfill Leachate (2017) Lang et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Municipal Landfill Leachates from China: Occurrence, Fate During Leachate Treatment and Potential Impact on Groundwater (2015) Yan et al., Science Of The Total Environment
Quantitative Determination of Fluorochemicals in Municipal Landfill Leachates (2011) Huset et al., Chemosphere
Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Landfill Leachates (2010) Buschet al., Environmental Pollution

Solid Waste – Leachate Treatment

Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Landfill Leachate: Status, Chemistry and Prospects (2019) Wei et al., Environmental Science Water Research & Technology

Solid Waste – Leachate Co-Treatment with Domestic Wastewater

Landfill Leachate Contributes Per-/Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Pharmaceuticals to Municipal Wastewater (2020) Masoner et al., Environmental Science-water Research & Technology
Collective Study of PFAS and 1,4-Dioxane in Landfill Leachate and Estimated Influence on Wastewater Treatment Plant Facility Influent (2020) Hart Hickman, National Waste & Recycling Association – Carolinas Chapter
Michigan Waste & Recycling Association Statewide Study on Landfill Leachate PFOA and PFOS Impact on Water Resource Recovery Facility Influent (2019) Michigan Waste & Recycling Association, Michigan Waste & Recycling Association
A Mass Estimate of Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release from Australian Wastewater Treatment Plants (2018) Gallen et al., Chemosphere

Solid Waste – Composting

Perfluoroalkyl Acid Characterization in U.S. Municipal Organic Solid Waste Composts(2019) Choi et al., Environmental Science And Technology Letters

Solid Waste – Landfill Gas

Occurrence and Phase Distribution of Neutral and Ionizable Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Atmosphere and Plant Leaves around Landfills: A Case Study in Tianjin, China (2018) Tian et al. , Environmental Science & Technology
Wastewater Treatment Plant and Landfills as Sources of Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds to the Atmosphere (2011) Ahrens et al., Environmental Science & Technology

Solid Waste – Risk Assessment

Wide-Scope Target Analysis of Emerging Contaminants in Landfill Leachates and Risk Assessment Using Risk Quotient Methodology (2020) Nika et al., Journal Of Hazardous Materials

Thermal Conversion

Waste Incineration of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to Evaluate Potential Formation of Per- and Poly-Fluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in Flue Gas, Chemosphere, Aleksandrov et al. (2019) Aleksandrov et al., Chemosphere
Investigation of Waste Incineration of Fluorotelomer-based Polymers as a Potential Source of PFOA in the Environment, Chemosphere, Taylor et al. (2014) Taylor et al., Chemosphere
On the Incinerability of Highly Fluorinated Organic Compounds, Combustion Science and Technology, Tsang et al. (2007) Tsang et al., Combustion Science and Technology
Thermal Degradation of Fluorotelomer Treated Articles and Related Materials, Chemosphere, Yamada et al. (2005) Yamada et al., Chemosphere

Treatment – General

Treatment Train Approaches for the Remediation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Critical Review (2020) Lu et al., Journal Of Hazardous Materials
Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Perfluorinated Compounds on Various Adsorbents – A Review (2014) Du et al., Journal Of Hazardous Materials
Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic and Carboxylic Acids: A Critical Review of Physicochemical Properties, Levels and Patterns in Waters and Wastewaters, and Treatment Methods(2009) Rayne et al., Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part A-toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering

Treatment – Domestic Wastewater

Identified Industrial Sources of PFOS To Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants(2020) Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Michigan Department Of Environment, Great Lakes, And Energy
Review on the Occurrence, Fate and Removal of Perfluorinated Compounds during Wastewater Treatment (2015) Arvaniti et al., Science Of The Total Environment

Treatment – Domestic Wastewater Biosolids

Side-Chain Fluorinated Polymer Surfactants in Biosolids from Wastewater Treatment Plants (2020) Letcher et al., Journal Of Hazardous Materials
An Investigation into Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Nineteen Australian Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) (2019) Coggan et al., Heliyon
Role of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Environmental Cycling of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl (PFAS) Compounds (2016) Hamid and Li, Ecocycles
National Inventory of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Archived U.S. Biosolids from the 2001 EPA National Sewage Sludge Survey (2013) Venkatesan and Halden, Journal Of Hazardous Materials
Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Australian Biosolids (2013) Venkatesan and Halden, Chemosphere

Treatment – Drinking Water

Occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Source Water and Their Treatment in Drinking Water (2019) Crone et al., Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol.
Behaviour and Fate of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Drinking Water Treatment: A Review (2014) Rahman et al., Water Research

Treatment – Landfill Leachate

Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Landfill Leachate: Status, Chemistry and Prospects (2019) Wei et al., Environmental Science Water Research & Technology

Consumer Products

PFAS Waste Source Testing Report (2019) Sanborn, Head & Associates, Inc., New England Waste Services Of Vermont
Disposal of Products and Materials Containing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Cyclical Problem (2020) Stoiber et al., Chemosphere
Risk Assessment of Fluorinated Substances in Cosmetic Products (2018) Ministry Of Environment And Food Of Denmark
Fluorinated Compounds in U.S. Fast Food Packaging (2017) Schaider et al., Environmental Science & Technology Letters
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Consumer Products (2015) Kotthoff et al., Environmental Science And Pollution Research
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Consumer Products in Norway – A Pilot Study (2012) Herzke et al., Chemosphere
Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization for Perfluorooctanate (PFO) in Selected Consumer Articles (2005) Washburn et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Perfluorocarboxylic Acid Content in 116 Articles of Commerce (2009) Guo et al., U.S. EPA

Food

Significance of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Packaging (2020) Curtzwiler et al., Integrated Environmental Assessment And Management
Fluorinated Compounds in U.S. Fast Food Packaging (2017) Schaider et al., Environmental Science & Technology Letters
Circulating Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances are Associated with Dietary Patterns – A Cross Sectional Study in Elderly Swedish Men and Women (2016) Sjogren et al., Environmental Research
Levels of Perfluorinated Compounds in Food and Dietary Intake of PFOS and PFOA in The Netherlands (2011) Noorlander et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Perfluorinated Substances in Human Food and Other Sources of Human Exposure (2010) D’Hollander et al., Reviews Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, Vol 208: Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances
Human Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals through the Diet: Intake of Perfluorinated Compounds in Foods from the Catalan (Spain) Market (2008) Ericson et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Dietary Exposure of Canadians to Perfluorinated Carboxylates and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate via Consumption of Meat, Fish, Fast Foods, and Food Items Prepared in their Packaging (2007) Tittlemier et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Toxicology and Epidemiology

A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Present Understanding of Health Effects (2019) Sunderland et al., Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
Early-Life Exposure to EDCs: Role in Childhood Obesity and Neurodevelopment (2017) Braun et al., Early-life Exposure To Edcs: Role In Childhood Obesity And Neurodevelopment
Predictors of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Plasma Concentrations in 6–10 Year Old American Children (2017) Harris et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Atmosphere: Their Effects on Humans and Wildlife (2015) Annamalai et al., Environment International
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Human Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review (2015) Bach et al., Critical Reviews In Toxicology
Prenatal Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and Child Adiposity at 8 Years of Age: The HOME Study (2015) Braun et al., Obesity
Pregnancy Serum Concentrations of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances and Offspring Behaviour and Motor Development at age 5–9 Years – A Prospective Study (2015) Hoyer et al., Environmental Health
Gestational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Reciprocal Social, Repetitive, and Stereotypic Behaviors in 4- and 5-Year-Old Children: The HOME Study(2014) Braun et al., Environmental Health Perspectives
Neurotoxic Effects of Perfluoroalkylated Compounds: Mechanisms of Action and Environmental Relevance (2012) Mariussen et al., Archives Of Toxicology
Epidemiologic Evidence on the Health Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (2010) Steenland et al., Environmental Health Perspectives
Immunotoxicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (2009) DeWitt et al., Critical Reviews In Toxicology
Perfluorinated Compounds – Exposure Assessment for the General Population in Western Countries (2009) Fromme et al., International Journal Of Hygiene And Environmental Health
Association Among Serum Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals, Glucose Homeostasis, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents and Adults (2009) Lin et al., Diabetes Care
Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Related Chemistries – Toxicokinetics and Modes of Action (2008) Andersen et al., Toxicological Sciences
Are PFCAs Bioaccumulative? A Critical Review and Comparison with Regulatory Lipophilic Compounds (2008) Conder et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Emerging Endocrine Disrupters: Perfluoroalkylated Substances (2008) Jensen et al., International Journal Of Andrology
Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings (2007) Lau et al., Toxicological Sciences
A Methodology for Estimating Human Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA): A Retrospective Exposure Assessment of a Community (1951–2003) (2007) Paustenbach et al., Journal Of Toxicology And Environmental Health
Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) (2006) Beach et al., Reviews Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology
Biological Monitoring of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Review (2006) Houde et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Related Fluorochemicals in Human Blood from Several Countries (2004) Kannan et al., Environmental Science & Technology
The Toxicology of Perfluorooctanoate (2004) Kennedy et al., Critical Reviews In Toxicology
The Developmental Toxicity of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Their Derivatives (2004) Lau et al., Toxicology And Applied Pharmacology

Synthesis and Detection of PFAS Compounds

Synthesis of Environmentally Relevant Fluorinated Surfactants – A Review (2005) Lehmler et al., Chemosphere

Agriculture – Biosolids (Soil Amendments)

Characterizing and Comparing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercially Available Biosolid and Organic Non-Biosolid-Based Products (2020) Lazcano et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Brominated Flame Retardants and Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Groundwater, Tile Drainage, Soil, and Crop Grain Following a High Application of Municipal Biosolids to a Field (2020) Moodie et al., Chemosphere
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercially Available Biosolid-based Products: The Effect of Treatment Processes (2019) Lazcano et al., Water Environment Research
Review of ‘Emerging’ Organic Contaminants in Biosolids and Assessment of International Research Priorities for the Agricultural Use of Biosolids (2011) Clarke et al., Environment International

Agriculture – General

Accumulation of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in Agricultural Plants: A Review (2019) Ghisi et al., Environmental Research

Environment – General

Global Emission Inventories for C-4-C-14 Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acid (PFCA) Homologues from 1951 to 2030, Part I: Production and Emissions from Quantifiable Sources (2014) Wang et al., Environment International
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in Surface Waters, Sediments, Soils and Wastewater – A Review on Concentrations and Distribution Coefficients (2013) Zareitalabad et al., Chemosphere
Tracking the Pathways of Human Exposure to Perfluorocarboxylates (2009) Vestergren et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Estimating Consumer Exposure to PFOS and PFOA (2008) Trudel et al., Risk Analysis
Quantitative Determination of Perfluorochemicals in Sediments and Domestic Sludge(2005) Higgins et al., Environmental Science & Technology
The Toxicology of Perfluorooctanoate (2004) Kennedy et al., Critical Reviews In Toxicology

Environment – Exposure Pathways

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding (2020) De Silva et al., Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry
A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Present Understanding of Health Effects (2019) Sunderland et al., Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
Pollution Pathways and Release Estimation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Central and Eastern China (2017) Liu et al., Science of the Total Environment
Is Indirect Exposure a Significant Contributor to the Burden of Perfluorinated Acids Observed in Humans? (2011) D’eon et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Estimating Consumer Exposure to PFOS and PFOA (2008) Trudel et al., Risk Analysis
Fluorinated Organics in the Biosphere (1997) Key et al., Environmental Science & Technology

Environment – Air Quality (Outdoor)

Atmospheric Concentrations and Trends of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Volatile Methyl Siloxanes (VMS) Over 7 Years of Sampling in the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network (2018) Rauert et al., Environmental Pollution
Ambient Levels of PFOS and PFOA in Multiple Environmental Media (2018) Vedagiri et al., Remediation
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Atmosphere: Their Effects on Humans and Wildlife (2015) Annamalai et al., Environment International
Neutral Poly-/perfluoroalkyl Substances in Air and Snow from the Arctic (2015) Xie et al., Scientific Reports

Environment – Air Quality (Indoor)

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Indoor Air and Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in China: Implications for Human Exposure (2018) Yao et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Indoor Sources of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCS) in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for Human Exposure (2011) Shoeib et al., Environmental Science & Technology
Perfluorinated Sulfonamides in Indoor and Outdoor Air and Indoor Dust: Occurrence, Partitioning, and Human Exposure (2005) Shoeib et al., Environmental Science & Technology

Environment – Drinking Water Quality

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), an Emerging Drinking Water Contaminant: A Critical Review of Recent Literature (2012) Post et al., Environmental Research
Scientific and Policy Assessment for Addressing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water (2019) Reade, Quinn, and Schreiber, NRDC

Environment – Ecosystem

Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Wildlife (2001) Giesy et al., Environmental Science & Technology

Environment – Aquatic Environment

Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Current Literature (2017) Xiao et al., Water Research
Fate And Effects Of Poly- And Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Aquatic Environment: A Review (2014) Ahrens et al., Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry
Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Aquatic Biota: An Updated Review PFCs in Aquatic Biota (2011) Houde et al., Environmental Science & Technology
The Developmental Toxicity of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and their Derivatives (2004) Lau et al., Toxicology And Applied Pharmacology
Perfluorooctane Surfactants in Waste Waters, the Major Source of River Pollution(2008) Becker et al., Chemosphere
New POPs in the Water Environment: Distribution, Bioaccumulation and Treatment of Perfluorinated Compounds – A Review Paper (2007) Fujii et al., Journal Of Water Supply Research And Technology-aqua

National Agencies and Organizations

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS) Factsheet

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council: PFAS Public Page

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Your Health

State Agencies and Organizations

Alaska

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Arizona

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality: PFOA and PFOS FAQs

California

California Water Boards: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)

Colorado

Colorado Department of Public Healthy & Environment: Chemicals from firefighting foam and other sources

Connecticut

Connecticut State Department of Public Health: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Florida

Florida Department of Health: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Idaho

Idaho Department of Environmental Quality: Drinking Water Health Advisories: Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS)

Maine

Maine Department of Environmental Protection: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Maryland

Maryland Department of the Environment: PFAS—Information on the Maryland Department of the Environment’s Efforts to Address PFAS in Maryland’s Drinking Water Sources

Massachusetts

Massachusetts.gov: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Michigan

Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy: Michigan PFAS Action Response Team

Minnesota

Minnesota Department of Health: Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Montana

Montana Department of Environmental Quality: Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services: NH PFAS Investigation

New Jersey

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection: Contaminants of Emerging Concern

New Mexico

New Mexico Environment Department: PFAS Home

New York

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

North Carolina

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

North Carolina Environmental Quality: Health-Related Resources About GenX, PFOA and PFAS

Ohio

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Oregon

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality: PFAS Frequently Asked Questions

Portland Water Bureau: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection: PFAS in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

State of Rhode Island Department of Health: PFAS Contamination of Water

South Carolina

South Carolina Rural Water Association: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Tennessee

Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Utah

Utah Department of Environmental Quality: Per- and Polyfluoroakyl Substances (PFAS)

Vermont

Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation: Vermont PFOA Contamination Response

Vermont Department of Health: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water

Washington

Washington State Department of Ecology: Per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS)

Washington State Department of Health: PFAS

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination